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چکیده: اصولاً قسمتهای عایق ماشینهای الكتریكی ، ترانسفورماتور ها ،خطوط هوایی و غیره به صورتی طراحی می شود كه بتوانند به طور مداوم تحت ولتاژ معینی كاركرده و ضمناً قدرت تحمل ضربه های ولتاژ را در لحظات كوتاه داشته باشند .هر نوع تغییرات ناگهانی و شدید در شرایط كاری شبكه، موجب ظهور جهشها یا پالسهای ولتاژ می شود . برای مثالمی توان اضافه ولتاژ های ناشی از قطع و یا وصل بارهای زیاد به طور یكجا ، جریانهای اتصال كوتاه ، تغییر ناگهانی مدار و غیره رانام برد .رعد و برق نیز هنگامی كه روی خطوط شبكه تخلیه شود ، باعث ایجاد پالسهای فشار قوی با دامنه زیاد و زمان كم می شود .لذا عایق های موجوددر ماشینهای الكتریكی و تجهیزات فشار قوی باید از نظر استقامت در مقابل این نوع پالسها نیز طبقه بندی شده و مشخص شوند . عایقهای الكتریكی با گذشت زمان نیز در اثر آلودگی و جذب رطوبت فاسد شده و خاصیت خود را از دست می دهند .در مهندسی برق سطوح مختلفی از مقاومت عایقی تعریف شده است كه هر كدام بایستی در مقابل ولتاژ معینی استقامت نمایند . (ولتاژ دائمی و ولتاژ لحظه ای هر كدام به طور جداگانه مشخص می شوند )و البته طبیعی است كه ازدیاد ولتاژ بیشتر از حد مجاز روی عایق باعث شكست آن می شود . در عمل دو نوع شكست برای عایق ها می توان باز شناخت ،حرارتی و الكتریكی .
فهرست مطالب:
عایقهای الكتریكی
اضافه گرمایش مجاز درهادیهای تجهیزات الكتریكی
ژنراتورهای سنكرون
راه اندازی مجدد موتورها پس از برگشت ولتاژ
شرایط غیرنرمال دركار موتورهای ونحوه رفع عیب در آنها
بهره برداری و نگهداری از ترانس ها و اتو ترانس ها
خنك كردن ترانسفورماتورها و نگهداری از سیستم های خنك كننده
...
فرمت فایل: DOC (ورد 2003) قابل ویرایش تعداد صفحات: 32
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نویسنده : ziba
تاریخ : 
